Institutionalization and the Ongoing Work to Close Institutions
The closure of institutions for disabled people marked a turning point in U.S. history. For generations, institutionalization meant isolation, neglect, and the denial of basic rights. Beginning in the mid-20th century, disabled activists, families, and allies organized to expose abuse and demand freedom. Their efforts led to the gradual dismantling of large state-run facilities and the growth of community-based supports. This page offers resources to help students explore the history of institutionalization, the fight for closure, and the ongoing work to ensure full inclusion and self-determination.
Willowbrook